Photography composition is the most important thing in learn photography section. In photography field, composition is defined as the arrangement of an object placed inside of a photo frame. It’s another type of art in photography field. These photography composition rules enable us to give a high artistic value to the photograph and it’s very important to show the real meaning properly. Each and every photograph is made out with elements of art. Before we learn photography composition, we must pay attention to these elements of art in the photograph to control the appearance according to composition rules which will lead for meaningful and much creative photographs.

9 Rules of the Photo Composition

1. Simplify The Scene

     It’s advisable to capture only one object per frame when we capture scenes. Similarly, focusing on one object is beneficial when capturing is done in a crowded atmosphere. Otherwise the captured object will not be clear and the photo will have many distractions to identify each object in the photo as the eye does not focus on one component and will not highlight the main object. Check these two example photos.



     Regarding the first photo, our 100% focus is on this bird. However, the crowded photo shows the complexity and it’s difficult to have our focus on one person. Our focus is divided among people in the photo.

2. Avoid the central object

     Object is not meant to be in the center of the frame. A proper meaning and an artistic value cannot be expressed if the main focus is placed in the middle.



    The above 2 photographs have avoided capturing the main focus in the middle and consequently, automatically generating an artistic value.

3. Keep the space to the moving or viewing direction

     When we capture a photograph of a man, woman or an animal, always keep more space to the direction that the main figure is looking. Similarly, the photograph should have more space to the moving direction of the object. A closer look at this picture reveals that there is a missing part of the photograph. Because viewer has enhance to moving direction. This first 2 photos have kept the different spaces for object moving direction. You can identify the difference between those 2 photographs.


    This 2 photographs have kept different spaces from their looking direction. I think it is useful for identify the difference between of those two photographs.


4. Leading lines

    Each and every photograph is consisted with millions of lines. In order to obtain an artistic photograph, it is important to think about the direction of the lines before capturing a photograph. These lines are very important to get the idea of the distance and length of the objects. Road photo as an example, the viewer can get a clear idea of the length and distance of the road as the lines are drawn vertically.




5. Left to right rule

     Majority of the world population use the reading direction, left to right (including English). These people are trained to view any document from left to right. This includes photograph as well. Therefore, if we need to capture a moving object, it is advisable to place the moving object moving from left to right. Otherwise, viewer might feel uncomfortable and the real meaning may not emphasise from the photograph.




6. Rule of odd number

    If you want to become a professional photographer, try to include odd number of objects in a photograph frame. This will enable the viewer to have the full attention to one object on the photograph at once. The viewer might have difficulties on concentrating one object at a time if there is an even number of objects in one photo frame. This is primarily due to focus being divided among the objects in the frame. Photographer eventually fails to express the meaning and incident at the first sight. Below 2 photographs are consisted with odd number of objects. Therefore your eye can be focus one object easily. 




7. Golden rule

We must divide the full photo frame into 9 square blocks.



    These blue points are called as golden points. Experienced photographers always place the significant points on golden points. Living object as an example, object’s eye is the critical point of a photo. Therefore, eye should be placed on the golden point. Objects should be placed on these lines which is marked in red color.

     Normally photographers try to place the objects’ main focusing point on this golden point. As an example human or animal eye is the main focusing point. Then try to place eye on the golden point and try to keep the object on the golden lines. You can see there are some example photographs for placing the objects according to the golden rule.



8. Background

    Professional photographers always consider the background of all photographs. It should be changed according to below conditions.

  • Object colour
  • Object size
  • Emotions of the photograph
  • Background texture condition
  • Space of the background

    If photograph background is more complicated or the space is bigger, it will distract emotions of the main object. You can make best object focused photographs with background blurry by controlling the aperture settings of the DSLR camera.



9. Break the rules

    In some special cases we must break this rule, so that we can change the emotions. For an example, we can get symmetrical line photographs.


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